Espionagem e a revelação de segredos estatais

Insper - Instituto de ensino e pesquisa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5291-7211

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46274/1809-192XRICP2023v8n1p43-68

Palavras-chave: 

espionagem, revelação de segredos estatais, segurança nacional, proteção de denunciantes, justificação

Resumo

A alteração legislativa trazida pela Lei nº 14.197/2021, que introduziu o art. 359-K, § 4º, no Código Penal brasileiro, prevê causa de exclusão da responsabilidade criminal no caso de comunicação, entrega ou publicação de informações e documentos classificados como secretos, protegendo denunciantes contra condenações pela prática de espionagem, sempre que a finalidade da revelação seja expor a prática de crime ou a violação de direitos humanos. O presente artigo pretende enfrentar, primeiramente, se o legislador brasileiro, ao contrariar a tendência mundial neste tema, agiu bem ao inserir no ordenamento jurídico uma previsão legal dessa natureza. A seguir, será analisado criticamente o formato escolhido para a proteção penal de denunciantes contra sanções criminais. Finalmente, diante dos problemas que a redação do § 4º do art. 359-K do Código Penal suscita, serão feitas algumas considerações de
lege ferenda na tentativa de contorná-los.

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